Construction Surveying & Layout
Table of Contents

Introduction | Preview A Chapter | Back Cover

1   Introduction to Land Surveying, 9
        The History of the U.S. Land Surveys, 10
        Land Deeds, 14

2   The Building Site, 19
        Type of Development, 20
        Choosing a Site, 20
        The Next Step, 24

3   The Survey, 25
        Surveying Instruments, 26
        A Practice Survey, 27
        Closing, 30
        Economizing in the Field, 34

4   Using a Transit and Tape, 43
        Reference Lines, 44
        Laying Out Roads, 51
        Laying Out a Line, 51
        Setting Parallel Lines, 58
        Planning a Bridge, 61

5   Applied Geometry Using a Transit, 65
        Using an Established Point, 66
        Finding a Perpendicular Line, 66
        Establishing Parallel Lines, 67
        Dividing a Line Into Equal Parts, 68
        Drawing a Tangent Circle, 69
        Laying Out Angles, 70
        Drawing a Circle Through Three Points, 73
        Drawing a Hexagon, 74
        Ellipses, 75
        Pentagons, 77
        The Involute of a Circle, 79

6   Stadia Surveying, 83
        The Tools, 83
        Geometry You'll Need to Know, 85
        Practical Considerations, 92

7   Topographic Surveys, 95
        Illustrating a Depression, 96
        Making a Topographic Survey, 97

8   Leveling, 105
        Leveling Instruments, 105

9   Basic Leveling Surveys, 109
        Finding Elevations, 110
        Types of Leveling, 112
        Grade Stakes, 113
        Potential for Error, 115

10  Complex Leveling, 117
        Evaluating a Site, 118
        Planning the Streets, 118
        Grading, 123
        Necessary Curves, 128

11  Surveying Notes, 145

12  Special Problems, 147
        Finding Missing Measurements, 148
        Subdividing Land, 162

13  Mapping the Site, 167
        Mapping Procedure, 168
        General Points, 169
        Before Construction Begins, 170

14  Plotting Angles, 171
        Using a Protractor, 172
        Using Trigonometry, 172

15  True North, Latitude, and Longitude, 177
        Locating True North, 178
        Locating by Latitude and Longitude, 182

Appendix

A The Transit, 185
B Geometry for Construction, 193
C Trigonometry for Construction, 225
D More Practical Examples, 231

Index, 241

Introduction | Preview A Chapter | Back Cover