Pipe
& Excavation Contracting
Table of Contents
Introduction |
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Back Cover
1 ESTIMATING, BIDDING, BONDING, 5
Nature of the Business, 9
Knowing Your Costs, 15
Estimating Labor Costs, 18
Estimating Material Costs, 21
Overhead, 22
Contingency and Escalation, 28
Avoiding and Finding Errors, 38
Submitting Your Bid, 40
Controlling Costs, 50
Getting Bonds, 52
Here's Your Bonding Checklist, 67
2 CREW AND EQUIPMENT PRODUCTIVITY,
70
Volume of Material, 71
Equipment Performance, 73
Wheeled Backhoe, 81
Tracked Excavator, 84
Wheeled Loader, 85
Bulldozer, 88
Compaction Equipment, 93
Comparing Crew and Equipment Costs, 95
3 READING PLANS AND SURVEYING, 107
Reading Plans, 108
Surveying, 111
Surveying Instruments, 115
Grades or Slopes in Pipe Laying, 120
Laying Pipe with Lasers, 124
4 SITE PREPARATION, 139
Working Within the Right-of-Way, 139
Clearing Grass and Brush, 142
Clearing Trees, 142
Planning the Work, 152
Dealing with Rock, 154
Using Explosives, 159
Working with Groundwater, 164
5 OPERATING A BACKHOE 173
How the Backhoe Works, 174
Calculating Production Rates, 179
Operator Ability, 181
The Wheeled Backhoe, 183
Working Around Cross-Lines, 187
Sewer System Work, 193
Water System Work, 194
The Tracked Backhoe, 203
When to Choose the Tracked Backhoe, 206
Working with Shoring Systems, 214
6 SOIL COMPACTION, 222
Soil Structure, 222
Determining Soil Density, 223
Compaction Methods, 228
7 INSTALLING WATER SYSTEMS, 235
Main Line Materials, 238
Service Line Materials, 247
Selecting Equipment, 259
Forming a Crew, 261
Installing the Service Lines, 267
Testing the Line, 276
8 INSTALLING SEWER SYSTEMS, 279
Municipal Sewer Systems, 280
Pipe Materials, 281
Fittings, 286
Selecting Equipment, 291
Forming a Productive Crew, 294
Selecting a Shoring System, 296
Digging Trenches, 304
Cutting the Pipe, 311
Laying the Pipe, 314
Assembling the Pipe, 316
Aligning the Pipe, 319
Installing Manholes, 324
Testing the System, 328
9 ESTIMATING SURFACE EXCAVATION, 336
Averaging in Estimating Earthwork, 343
Balancing Cut and Fill, 346
Reading Contour Lines, 349
The Grid System, 352
Minimize the Risks, 357
10 EARTHMOVING EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES,
362
Equipment Selection, 362
Operating a Dozer, 365
Dozing Skills, 370
Reading Slope Stakes, 378
Estimating Production, 380
Sample Earth Moving Problem, 388
Another Sample Problem: Cut and Fill, 392
INDEX, 396
Introduction |
Preview A Chapter |
Back Cover
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