Sensible Analysis of the 12-Lead ECG
In-Depth Analysis of the 12 Lead Electrocardiogram (ECG), With a Comprehensive Review of Cardiac Anatomy and Related Pathology

First Edition
Kathryn M. Lewis,
Kathleen Handal

This text provides in-depth introduction to the analysis of the 12-lead electrocardiogram.

It offers comprehensive review of cardiac anatomy and relates pathology to the ECG findings. Pathology of cardiac conduction as seen in 3-lead and 12-lead monitoring systems are presented in a practical manner to build confidence in this valuable diagnostic tool.

There are self-assessment exercise for each chapter and an overall review section. The text reflects the U.S. DOT Paramedic and Intermediate Curricula. (ECG, EKG, 12-lead, electrocardiography, cardiac function, EMS, nursing, arrhythmia, dysrhythmia, cardiac conduction, 12-lead electrocardiogram, DOT Paramedic and Intermediate Curricula, Paramedic)

• Simple and straight-forward
• Consistent, step-by-step analysis
• Self-assessment with feedback
• Pathology explained in simple terms
• Clinical applications explained

Contents:

CHAPTER 1: The Heart's Conductive System. Introduction. The Electrical Conduction System. The SinusNode. The AV Junction. The Bundle Branch System. The Purkinje Fibers. ELECTROPHYSIOLGY OF THE HEART. The Phases of the Cardiac Cycle. Properties of the Specialized Cells. Pacemakers, Escape Rhythms, and Ectopic Foci. Summary. Self Assessment.

CHAPTER 2: Introduction. The ECG Leads: A Point of View. Limb Leads. Precoridal (Chest) Leads. Monitoring the Posterior Surface of the Heart. MCL Leads. Hazards of Improper Placement of Leads. Summary. Self Assessment.

CHAPTER 3: Rate, Rhythm, and Wave Forms. Introduction. Calculating Rhythm. Wave Forms, Complexes, and Intervals. Waves. The PR Interval. QRS Complex. Segment. The T Wave. The QT Interval. The U Wave. Abnormal Wave Forms. Abnormal P Waves. Abnormal PR Interval. Abnormal QRS Complexes. Abnormal QT Interval. Abnormal U Waves. Alterations in ECG Wave Forms. Drug-induced Changes on the ECG. Hyperkalemia. Hypokalemia. Hypercalcemia. Hypocalcemia. Low Voltage QRS. Pericarditis. Pericardial Effusion. Ventricular Aneurysm. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM). Increased Intracranial Pressure. Pulmonary Embolism. Summary. Self Evaluation.

CHAPTER 4: Axis Determination and Implications. Introduction. Normal Axis. Axis Deviation. Right Axis Deviation. Left Axis Deviation. Calculation of Axis. Normal and Abnormal Values. The Lewis Circle. Summary . Self Assessment.

CHAPTER 5: Sinus Rhythm and the Arrhythmias. Introduction. How to Look at and Analyze the Wave Forms. Labeling the ECG. How to Assess a Monitor Pattern. The Sinus Mechanisms. Sinus Tachycardia. Sinus Bradycardia. Sinus Arrhythmia. Sinus Arrest. Sinoatrial (SA) Block. The Junctional Mechanisms. Junctional Rhythm. Premature Junctional Complex. Accelerated Junctional Rhythm and Junctional Tachycardia. The Atrial Mechanisms. Premature Atrial Complex (PAC). Atrial Tachycardia. Supraventricular Tachycardia. Atrial Flutter. Atrial Fibrillation. The Ventricular Mechanisms. Characteristics of a Ventricular Ectopic. Narrow Complex PVCs. Vriations in PVCs. Ventricular Tachycardia. Intermittent Ventricular Tachycardia. Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia. Ventricular Fibrillation. Ventricular Escape: Idioventricular Rhythm. Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm. Aberrant Ventricular Conduction. Aystole. A Conduction Defects. Sinus Rhythm with First-Degree AV Block. Sinus with second degree AV Block, The Intermittent Conduction Defects. Second-degree AV Block, The Wenckebach Phnomenon aka Type I AV Block. Second Degree AV Block with Wide QRS complex (Type II). Second degree AV Block, AV Block with 2:1 Conduction as Fixed Rate Second Degree AV Block. Sinus with High-Grade (Advanced AV Block). Sinus with Complete AV Block. Arrhythmias Due to Abnormal Conduction Pathways. The ECG Wave Forms Affected by Preexcitation. Degrees of Preexcitation. Arrhythmias with Preexcitation. Lown-Gannong-Levine Syndrome. Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome. Summary. Self Assessment.

CHAPTER 6: Myocardial Perfusion Deficits and ECG Changes. Introduction. Coronary Artery Perfusion. Pathophysiology of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Consequences of Coronary Artery Occlusion. Montoring of Myocardial Ischemia, Injury, and Necrosis on the ECG. Reflecting and Reciprocal Leads. Changes in Wave Forms. Inferior Wall (Diaphragmatic) Myocardial Infarction. Clinical Implications of Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction. Anterior Wall and Anterior-Septal Myocardial Infarction. Clinical Implications for Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction. Antero-Septal Myocardial Infarction. Anterolateral Myocardial Infarction. Lateral Wall Myocardial Infarction. Clinical Implications of Lateral Wall Myocardial Infarction. Posterior Wall Myocardial Infarction. Clinical Implications for Posterior Wall Myocardial Infarction. Right Ventricular Myocardial Infarction. Clinical Implications of Right Ventricular Wall Myocardial Infarction. Non-Q Wave Myocardial Infarction. Peudo Infarction Patterns. Early Repolarization. Non-classic ECG Presentation of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Continuous ST Segment Monitoring. Summary. Self Assessment.

CHAPTER 7: Fascicular Block. Introduction. Arterial Perfusion to Bundle Branches. Normal Sequence of Ventricular Depolarization and the QRS Vector. Bundle Branch Block - ECG Changes. Right Bundle Branch Block (RRBB). Left Bundle Branch Block. Fascicular Blocks. Left Anterior Fascicular Block. Left Anterior Fascicular Block and RBBB. Left Anterior Fascicular Block and Myocardial Infarction. Left Posterior Fascicular Block. Complete Left Bundle Branch Block . Trifascicular Block. Summary. Self Assessment.

CHAPTER 8: Chamber Enlargement and Hypertrophy. Introduction. Right Atrial Enlargement. Left Atrial Enlargement. Ventricular Hypertrophy. Right Ventricular Hypertrophy. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. Ventricular Strain Pattern. Summary. Self Assessment.

275 pages 8-1/2 x 11 in.